Directories structure in Ubuntu/Linux

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 /   "Root",the top of the file system

 /bin  Binaries and other executable programs

 /etc  System Configuration files

 /home      Home directories,if you have multiple users then you have different directories for different people


 /opt   Optional or third pirty software
 Ex:The editor i'm using is sublime text 3,which donot come bundled with ubuntu,so some of the third party
 softwares gets installed at /opt

 /tmp  Temporary space,typically cleared on reboot

 /usr   User related programs

 There will be sub directories inside these directories

 /var  Variable data like log files



Other directories

/boot  Files need to boot the operating system

/cdrom  Mount point for CD-ROMS


/dev  Device files,typically controled by the operating system and sys admins

/media  Mount removable devices

/mnt(used to mount external file systems),/proc(provides info about running process),/srv(contains data which is served by the system)




What to do with the info??

Just check these directories with ls -al command,see what files are in there...

just get an idea,don't panic....

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The content below is optional.... You need not get into details
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Application Data Structure

If you are from windows you would know all softwares would install @ 
C:\\Program files\software
or 
C:\\Program Files(x86)\software ==> For a 32 bit
C:\\Program Files (x64)==> for a 64 bit
or 
at custom location

Similarly 

Some external softwares in ubuntu get installed at

1. /usr/local/software

Inside the software you will have other directories (bin,etc,lib,log)

some install at

2. /opt/software

Inside the software you will have other directories (bin,etc,lib,log)



3. Google products get installed at
/opt/google
/opt/google/chrome
/opt/google/earth


There are bunch of other ways that programs get installed



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